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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
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Obese children without comorbidities have impaired microvascular endothelial function.

P Hedvall Kallerman1, E Hagman, A-K Edstedt Bonamy

  • 1Divisions of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|December 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Obese children show impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, a key indicator of vascular health. Longer duration of obesity was linked to less severe impairment in microvascular endothelial function.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular riskChildhood obesityDopplerInsulinLipids

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern.
  • Obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction, a precursor to cardiovascular disease.
  • Microvascular endothelial function in obese children without comorbidities requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in obese children compared to normal-weight controls.
  • To explore associations between endothelial function and risk factors like lipids, glucose metabolism, inflammation, blood pressure, fitness, and obesity duration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transdermal iontophoresis of acetylcholine to induce endothelium-dependent vasodilatation.
  • Measured changes in skin perfusion using laser Doppler flowmetry.
  • Evaluated endothelial function in 54 obese children and 44 normal-weight controls, with subgroup analysis for risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Obese children exhibited significantly lower acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation compared to controls (p < 0.001).
  • Peak perfusion response was 33% lower in obese children (p = 0.001).
  • A trend of lower vasodilatation was observed with higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.07), and shortest obesity duration showed lowest vasodilatation (p = 0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Obese children, even without comorbidities, have demonstrably impaired microvascular endothelial function.
  • Longer duration of obesity may be associated with a less pronounced impairment of endothelial function.
  • Findings highlight the early impact of obesity on vascular health in children.