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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Oceanography
  • Climate Change Science

Background:

  • Rising atmospheric CO2 levels are increasing ocean CO2 concentrations.
  • Projected surface water CO2 may reach 1000 μatm by 2100.
  • The impact of elevated CO2 on fish behavior, including predator avoidance and CO2 detection, is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) on predator avoidance and CO2 avoidance in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).

Main Methods:

  • Cod were exposed to control or CO2-enriched water (1000 μatm) for six weeks.
  • Behavioral tests assessed predator cue avoidance and choice between control and CO2-acidified water.

Main Results:

  • Cod maintained strong avoidance of predator cues despite long-term CO2 exposure.
  • Fish consistently avoided CO2-enriched water, showing negligible habituation.
  • Unlike some coral reef fish, cod did not show reversed olfactory responses to predator cues.

Conclusions:

  • Atlantic cod may possess tolerance to CO2-induced behavioral changes.
  • Fish continue to avoid CO2-acidified water after prolonged exposure.
  • Future fish migrations may be influenced by the search for lower CO2 environments, impacting movement patterns.