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Working memory mechanism in proportional quantifier verification.

Marcin Zajenkowski1, Jakub Szymanik, Maria Garraffa

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183 , Warsaw, Poland, zajenkowski@psych.uw.edu.pl.

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Verifying sentences with proportional quantifiers like "more than half" is cognitively demanding. This process involves comparing set cardinalities, requiring significant cognitive control and impacting verification speed and accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Sentence Verification

Background:

  • Sentence verification involves understanding and evaluating linguistic propositions.
  • Proportional quantifiers (e.g., 'more than half') present unique processing challenges compared to simple numerical quantifiers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying the verification of sentences containing proportional quantifiers.
  • To compare the cognitive load associated with proportional quantifiers versus simpler numerical quantifiers.
  • To explore the role of cognitive control and memory in processing these sentence types.

Main Methods:

  • Three experimental studies were conducted.
  • Participants verified sentences with proportional quantifiers and simple numerical quantifiers.
  • Cognitive load, memory storage, and cognitive control were assessed.
  • Verification time and accuracy were measured, analyzing the impact of numerical distance.

Main Results:

  • Verifying proportional quantifier sentences is more cognitively demanding than verifying simple numerical quantifier sentences.
  • Both sentence types engage memory storage, but only proportional sentences significantly recruit cognitive control.
  • The numerical distance between sets critically affects verification time and accuracy.
  • Sentence verification with proportional quantifiers relies heavily on integrating and comparing cardinalities of distinct sets.

Conclusions:

  • The cognitive mechanism for proportional quantifiers involves a demanding integration process, comparing set cardinalities in memory.
  • Cognitive control is essential for processing proportional quantifiers, distinguishing them from simpler numerical constructions.
  • Understanding complex sentence processing, particularly involving quantifiers, is crucial for psycholinguistics.