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Temporal variations in basicranium dimorphism of North Indians.

Vineeta Saini1, Rashmi Srivastava, Satya Narayan Shamal

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Human skull base morphology shows secular changes, with contemporary North Indian females exhibiting larger dimensions than subrecent ones. This study highlights evolving sexual dimorphism, necessitating updated osteometric standards for accurate sex determination.

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Human Osteology

Background:

  • Secular changes in human skull morphology are increasingly documented.
  • Previous research indicates shifts in cranial morphology over time.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for population-specific osteometric standards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sexual dimorphism in the cranial base of North Indian populations.
  • To compare contemporary and subrecent samples to identify temporal variations.
  • To provide updated, population-specific osteometric standards for sex determination.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of five cranial base variables from two temporally distinct North Indian skeletal samples.
  • Statistical analysis using t-tests and discriminant function analysis (SPSS 16.0).
  • Comparison of sexual dimorphism and population variation between contemporary and subrecent crania.

Main Results:

  • Significant sexual dimorphism and population variation were observed between the two samples.
  • Contemporary females displayed comparatively greater cranial base dimensions than subrecent females.
  • The contemporary population exhibited reduced sexual dimorphism compared to the subrecent population.

Conclusions:

  • Sexual dimorphism in the human cranial base can change significantly within decades.
  • Improved nutrition and population admixture are potential factors influencing these changes.
  • Regular updating of sex-discriminating osteometric standards is essential for forensic and anthropological applications.