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Subsequent cancer risk of children receiving post voiding cystourethrography: a nationwide population-based

Yen-Hsiu Liao1, Cheng-Li Lin, Chang-Ching Wei

  • 1Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|December 31, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is linked to higher subsequent cancer risks, particularly in the genitourinary system. This study analyzed cancer risk in children who underwent VCUG compared to those who did not.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Assessing cancer risk in children following voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is crucial for pediatric healthcare.
  • Utilizing nationwide population-based data enhances the reliability of retrospective cohort studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the association between pediatric voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and the risk of developing subsequent cancers.
  • To identify specific cancer types or body areas with elevated risk following VCUG.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study design was employed using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).
  • 31,908 children (<18 years) who underwent VCUG (1997-2008) formed the VCUG cohort.
  • A comparison non-VCUG cohort (1:4 ratio) was frequency-matched for age, sex, region, occupation, and year.
  • Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to assess cancer risk.

Main Results:

  • Children who underwent VCUG showed a statistically significant 1.92-fold higher overall cancer risk compared to the non-VCUG cohort.
  • Specific cancer risks were significantly elevated: genital cancer (6.19-fold) and urinary system cancer (5.8-fold).
  • Hazard ratios were highest for genital, urinary system, and abdominal cancers, correlating with radiation exposure areas.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is associated with an increased risk of subsequent cancer development.
  • The genitourinary system, a primary area of radiation exposure during VCUG, showed a particularly notable increase in cancer risk.
Abstract

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