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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Ribosome biogenesis is a highly energy-intensive cellular process.
  • The nucleolus is central to rRNA transcription, maturation, and ribosome subunit assembly.
  • Ribosomal proteins (RPs) have known roles in ribosome assembly and emerging extraribosomal functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of ribosomal proteins (RPs) in ribosome biogenesis and cancer.
  • To explore the interplay between RPs and frequently mutated oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes in human malignancies.
  • To identify novel therapeutic strategies targeting RP deregulation in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ribosome biogenesis, RPs, and cancer genetics.
  • Analysis of the association between RP expression, mutations, and tumorigenesis.
  • Exploration of extraribosomal functions of RPs in cancer progression.

Main Results:

  • RP expression is frequently deregulated in human cancers, often due to genetic mutations.
  • RPs are increasingly recognized for extraribosomal functions influencing cell proliferation.
  • Mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes modulate ribosome biogenesis and interact with RPs.

Conclusions:

  • Deregulation of ribosome biogenesis and RP function is a key feature of human cancer.
  • The interaction between RPs and cancer-related genes offers potential for targeted therapies.
  • Further research into RP-mediated pathways could lead to novel anti-cancer treatments.