Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.4K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.4K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

10.1K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
10.1K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

132.7K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
132.7K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

18.7K
18.7K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.5K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.5K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

20.2K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
20.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functional network activation during a subtraction task.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Sex-specific cardiometabolic phenotypes in MASLD: 3PM-centric stratification and trajectory mapping for proactive risk assessment.

The EPMA journal·2026
Same author

Food-sensitized children with juvenile colorectal polyps exhibit a distinct mucosal and fecal microbial signature associated with inflammation.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Host transcriptional and microbiome metatranscriptomic changes in soybean plants carrying the insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte.

Journal of invertebrate pathology·2026
Same author

A principal component entropy metric for assessing global synchronicity in EEG signals.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Distal nucleotides affect the rate of stop codon read-through.

Quantitative biology (Beijing, China)·2026
Same journal

Analysis of strength degradation of coal and rock masses and stability of mined areas under long term immersion environment.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Biogenic Silver-Selenium nanocomposite with anticancer activity and potent efficacy against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of a biodegradable chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel synthesized in NaOH/urea medium.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Action-guilt, survivor-guilt, and depression in combat-related PTSD.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Explainable machine learning for predicting activities of daily living at discharge in stroke patients: A retrospective study using SHAP interpretability.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Deep learning based two-way feature depiction model for brain tumor detection.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits
09:17

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits

Published on: March 14, 2018

11.4K

Noise minimisation in gene expression switches.

Diana Monteoliva1, Christina B McCarthy2, Luis Diambra3

  • 1Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

Plos One
|December 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression noise is minimized by cis-regulatory elements. The number of regulatory sites optimally reduces fluctuations, preventing harmful protein production variations.

More Related Videos

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
09:20

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 6, 2021

2.3K
Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

4.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits
09:17

Combining Optogenetics with Artificial microRNAs to Characterize the Effects of Gene Knockdown on Presynaptic Function within Intact Neuronal Circuits

Published on: March 14, 2018

11.4K
Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
09:20

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 6, 2021

2.3K
Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene expression exhibits stochastic variation, leading to fluctuations in protein production rates.
  • This gene expression noise can alter cellular phenotypes, highlighting its physiological relevance.
  • Mechanisms for minimizing noise in gene expression remain largely unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cis-regulatory system architecture and gene expression noise.
  • To determine how the number of regulatory binding sites influences expression fluctuations.
  • To elucidate potential mechanisms for noise minimization in gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical calculations were employed to model gene expression noise.
  • Stochastic simulations were used to analyze fluctuation levels under varying regulatory conditions.
  • The study focused on the impact of the number of regulatory binding sites.

Main Results:

  • Noise in gene expression decreased with an increasing number of regulatory sites when transcription factors interacted with only one other bound factor.
  • An optimal number of binding sites was identified for minimizing fluctuations when transcription factors interacted with multiple bound factors.
  • These findings suggest a novel mechanism for preventing significant expression variability.

Conclusions:

  • The architecture of cis-regulatory systems, specifically the number of binding sites, plays a crucial role in modulating gene expression noise.
  • Optimal regulatory site numbers can prevent large fluctuations in gene expression, particularly for genes sensitive to regulator concentrations.
  • This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying noise minimization in gene regulation.