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Continuity and change in self-esteem during emerging adulthood.

Joanne M Chung1, Richard W Robins1, Kali H Trzesniewski2

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Self-esteem in emerging adults generally increased throughout college, despite an initial drop. Academic performance and realistic expectations influenced these self-esteem changes during the college years.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Self-esteem is a crucial aspect of psychological well-being.
  • Understanding self-esteem development during emerging adulthood is vital for educational and clinical interventions.
  • Longitudinal studies are essential for tracking developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the longitudinal development of self-esteem in emerging adults over four years of college.
  • To investigate factors influencing self-esteem changes during the college period.
  • To compare perceived self-esteem changes with actual changes.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design with six waves of data collection over four years.
  • Sample of 295 emerging adults.
  • Self-esteem measured using scale scores; perceived change assessed at study's end.

Main Results:

  • High rank-order stability of self-esteem (Mdn correlation = .87).
  • Initial drop in self-esteem during the first semester, followed by a rebound and a gradual increase over three years.
  • Positive association between good grades and larger self-esteem increases; unrealistic academic expectations linked to smaller increases.

Conclusions:

  • Self-esteem exhibits both continuity and systematic change during emerging adulthood.
  • Academic success and realistic expectations are associated with positive self-esteem development in college.
  • Perceptions of self-esteem change generally align with objective measures.