Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types

Attachment

Attachment

Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.

Parenting Styles

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...

Parental Care

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ventilation Assessment and Airborne Transmission Risk of SARS-CoV-2 in Nursing Homes in Seosan, the Republic of Korea, 2025.

Public health weekly report·2026

Same author

Dual-layer hybrid solid electrolyte for improved interfacial stability in solid-state lithium batteries.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026

Same author

[Pathogen Surveillance in Wastewater from Airport and Port in the Chungcheong Region, Republic of Korea, in 2024].

Jugan geon-gang gwa jilbyeong·2025

Same author

Herbacetin and gossypetin glycosides from Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. & C. A. Mey. and S. takesimense Nakai, and their antioxidant, anti-aging, and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities.

Phytochemistry·2025

Same author

Comparison of metabolite profiles and policosanol contents in the sprout of Oriental wheat cultivars (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> ssp. <i>turanicum</i>).

Frontiers in nutrition·2025

Same author

<i>Zanthoxylum schinifolium</i> extracts enhance 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation via CHOP inhibition and PPARγ activation.

Animal cells and systems·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

Published on: September 22, 2023

Maternal emotional availability during infant bedtime: an ecological framework.

Bo-Ram Kim¹, Douglas M Teti¹

¹Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University.

Journal of Family Psychology : JFP : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)

|January 1, 2014

Summary

Maternal emotional availability (EA) at bedtime is influenced by coparenting quality and infant temperament. Maternal depressive symptoms impact EA only when infants exhibit highly surgent temperaments, highlighting complex interactions.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period

Published on: April 5, 2024

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

Published on: September 22, 2023

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period

Published on: April 5, 2024

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Maternal-Infant Interaction
Child Psychology

Background:

Maternal emotional availability (EA) is crucial for infant development.
Predictors of maternal EA, particularly during bedtime interactions, require further investigation.
Understanding these predictors can inform interventions supporting positive parent-child relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine predictors of maternal emotional availability (EA) at bedtime.
To investigate the roles of maternal depressive symptoms, coparenting quality, maternal sleep, and infant sleep during the first 6 months.
To assess these factors' influence on maternal EA at 9 months postpartum.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study examining mothers and infants during the first 9 months.
Maternal emotional availability (EA) assessed via video recordings of bedtime interactions at 9 months.
Maternal depressive symptoms, coparenting quality, and sleep patterns collected during the first 6 months.
Infant temperament assessed during the first 6 months.

Main Results:

Mother-reported coparenting quality directly and indirectly predicted maternal EA.
Changes in maternal depressive symptoms predicted lower EA only when infants had highly surgent temperaments.
Maternal and infant sleep during the first 6 months did not significantly predict maternal EA at 9 months.

Conclusions:

Maternal emotional availability (EA) at bedtime is complexly influenced by maternal resources and infant temperament.
High-quality coparenting supports maternal EA.
Infant temperament plays a significant role, especially in conjunction with maternal mental health, in shaping bedtime EA.