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Related Concept Videos

Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion01:10

Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion

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In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. He formulated his first two laws based on the observations of his forebears, Nikolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe.
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Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion01:29

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In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. His first law states that all planets orbit the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with the Sun at one of the ellipse's foci. Therefore, the distance of a planet from the Sun varies throughout its revolution around the Sun.
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Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion01:18

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In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. In 1909, he formulated his first two laws based on the observations of his forebears, Nikolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe. However, in 1918, he published his third law of planetary motion, which gives a precise mathematical relationship between a planet's average distance from the Sun and the amount of time it takes to revolve around the Sun. It...
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The Moon orbits around the Earth. In turn, the Earth (and other planets) orbit the Sun. The space directly above our atmosphere is filled with artificial satellites in orbit. One can examine the circular orbit, the simplest kind of orbit, to understand the relationship between the speed and the period of planets and satellites with respect to their positions and the bodies that they orbit.
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Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure around a central atom from an examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between these electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form either bonding...
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Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
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Structure of exoplanets.

David S Spiegel1, Jonathan J Fortney2, Christophe Sotin3

  • 1School of Natural Sciences, Astrophysics Department, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540; dave@ias.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exoplanets reveal diverse planetary structures beyond our solar system. Our solar system

Keywords:
gas giantshot Jupiterssuper-Earths

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Area of Science:

  • Exoplanetary Science
  • Planetary Structure and Formation

Background:

  • Discovery of hundreds of exoplanets provides new insights into planetary diversity.
  • Our solar system's planets may not be archetypal examples of planetary systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known and speculated interior structures of exoplanets.
  • To highlight the wide range of planetary architectures observed beyond our solar system.

Main Methods:

  • Review of observational data and theoretical models of exoplanetary systems.
  • Comparative analysis of exoplanet interior structures with solar system planets.

Main Results:

  • Exoplanets exhibit a broad spectrum of interior compositions and structures.
  • Includes massive degenerate objects, Neptune-like planets with large cores, and Earth-mass rocky planets.

Conclusions:

  • Planetary systems are more diverse than previously assumed based on our solar system.
  • Exoplanet diversity challenges existing models of planet formation and evolution.