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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
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Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents
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Cannabinoid Hyper-emesis Syndrome: An Enigma.

Neeraj Gupta1, Oladele Ojo1, Kanishka Muruthettuwegama1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Latrobe Regional Hospital, PO Box 424, Princes Highway, Traralgon West, Victoria, Australia.

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
|January 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS), linked to chronic marijuana use, involves cyclic vomiting and compulsive bathing. This condition may be more common than previously thought, with a unique case showing a possible family history.

Keywords:
Cannabinoid and emetic effectcannabis hyperemesisvomiting and cannabis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is a condition associated with chronic, heavy marijuana use.
  • It presents with a distinct triad of cyclic vomiting, compulsive bathing, and relief with cessation of cannabis use.
  • CHS is increasingly recognized but potentially underdiagnosed globally, particularly in regions with high cannabis abuse rates like Australia.

Observation:

  • The case highlights recurrent episodes of severe nausea and vomiting, characteristic of CHS.
  • Patients typically experience symptom-free intervals between episodes.
  • A notable aspect of this case is an apparent positive family history, suggesting potential genetic or shared environmental factors.

Findings:

  • The study underscores the potential underrecognition of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome in clinical practice.
  • The presence of cyclic vomiting, chronic marijuana use, and compulsive bathing are key diagnostic indicators.
  • A familial link, if confirmed, could open new avenues for understanding CHS etiology.

Implications:

  • Increased awareness among healthcare professionals is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of CHS.
  • Further research into the genetic and environmental factors contributing to CHS is warranted.
  • Understanding the prevalence and familial patterns of CHS can inform public health strategies regarding cannabis use and its health consequences.