Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

6.2K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
6.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluating Rotational Stability of the Visian V4b TICL in Patients with High Myopic Astigmatism.

Ophthalmology and therapy·2026
Same author

Current capabilities of large language models as peer reviewers for manuscripts submitted to ophthalmology-related journals.

Medicine·2026
Same author

Mucus Fishing Syndrome: Case Series and a Narrative Review of Literature.

Ophthalmology and therapy·2026
Same author

Reply: Optimizing Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction: Addressing Centration, Epithelial Remodeling, and Nomogram Refinement.

Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995)·2026
Same author

A Novel Missense Mutation in a Compound Heterozygous Patient with Fish-Eye Disease: A Case Report.

Case reports in ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Visual outcomes for the initial 500 eyes treated with keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) for myopia and myopic astigmatism at a single-site.

Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

820

Angle Kappa and its importance in refractive surgery.

Majid Moshirfar1, Ryan N Hoggan2, Valliammai Muthappan1

  • 1John A Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Oman Journal of Ophthalmology
|January 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Angle kappa, the difference between pupillary and visual axes, impacts refractive surgery outcomes. Centering procedures like LASIK and PRK on the corneal light reflex is recommended for patients with a large angle kappa to improve results.

Keywords:
Angle KappaLASIKMulti focal Intra ocular lensesPRKPupillary AxisVisual Axis

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity
05:46

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity

Published on: September 20, 2024

896

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

820
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity
05:46

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity

Published on: September 20, 2024

896

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Refractive Surgery

Background:

  • Angle kappa, the misalignment between the pupillary and visual axes, is a critical factor in refractive surgery.
  • This anatomical variation can influence the centration of intraocular lenses and lead to undesirable visual phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on angle kappa and its implications for refractive surgery.
  • To provide guidance on optimal centration techniques for MFIOLs, LASIK, and PRK in patients with angle kappa.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies concerning angle kappa and refractive surgery outcomes.
  • Analysis of current recommendations for surgical planning and patient selection.

Main Results:

  • Centering LASIK and PRK on the corneal light reflex is safe and effective for patients with angle kappa.
  • While not extensively supported, adjusting MFIOL placement for angle kappa may reduce photic phenomena like glare and haloes.

Conclusions:

  • Focusing centration on the corneal light reflex is recommended for MFIOLs, LASIK, and PRK in patients with a significant angle kappa.
  • Further research is necessary to refine surgical strategies for managing angle kappa.