Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 4, 2026

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors
Published on: March 27, 2019
Commentary: teenage driver fatal crash rate trends: what do they reveal?
1a Allan F. Williams, LLC , Bethesda , Maryland.
Objective:
To determine long-term fatal crash rate trends of teenage drivers in the United States, before and after the introduction of graduated driver licensing programs.
Methods:
Teenage driver fatal crash involvement rates were calculated for 1990-2011 and referenced to rates for 25- to 59-year-olds.
Results:
The results indicated reductions in teen crash rates coincident with the economic downturn in 2008-2009 and reductions at ages 16 and 17 reflecting the introduction graduated driver licensing (GDL) but no effects positive or negative at ages 18 and 19.
Conclusions:
The high crash rates at 18 and 19 relative to other ages call for attention, including extending GDL to ages older than 17.
Related Concept Videos
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
H0: The two variables (factors)...
Application of Rates of Change
Introduction to Limits
Determination of Expected Frequency
Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve
Introduction to Test of Independence
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:

