Language regression in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Area of Science:

• Developmental psychology
• Clinical psychology
• Neurodevelopmental disorders

Background:

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by developmental challenges.
• Regression, a significant loss of previously acquired skills, is observed in 10-50% of children with ASD.
• Early identification and intervention are crucial for managing ASD, yet context-specific tools for early detection are lacking in India.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe language regression differences between children with ASD and typically developing children.
• To determine the typical age of regression in children with ASD.
• To develop and validate a regression screening tool for early ASD identification in the Indian context.

Main Methods:

• A regression screening tool was developed based on the Regression Supplement Form.
• The tool, comprising 16 skills across communication, social interaction, and play, was validated by five Clinical Psychologists.
• A retrospective study was conducted with parents of 30 children diagnosed with ASD.

Main Results:

• Significant regression was observed in children with ASD.
• The mean age of regression was 20.19 months (SD=5.2).
• Language skills regression occurred at a mean age of 19.16 months, followed by non-language skills at 20.5 months.

Conclusions:

• The developed regression screening tool can aid clinicians in identifying regression phenomena in children with ASD.
• Early identification of ASD is possible as early as 21 months of age using this tool.
• The tool facilitates timely intervention for children with ASD exhibiting regression.