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Substance P in human hypothalamus.

R D Helme, K Thomas

Clinical and Experimental Neurology

|January 1, 1986

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Substance P (SP) in the human brain, particularly the hypothalamus and pituitary stalk, was mapped. High SP concentrations were found in the pituitary stalk and mediobasal hypothalamus, suggesting a neuromodulatory role in endocrine function.

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Area of Science:

Neuroendocrinology
Neuropeptide Research
Human Brain Anatomy

Background:

Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide found throughout the brain.
Experimental animal studies suggest SP modulates endocrine responses via the hypothalamo-pituitary axis.
Limited data exists on SP distribution in the human hypothalamus and pituitary stalk.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the distribution of Substance P (SP) in the human hypothalamus and pituitary stalk.
To investigate the potential role of SP as a neuromodulator of human hypothalamo-pituitary endocrine function.

Main Methods:

Radio-immunoassay and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify SP levels.
SP distribution was analyzed in 7 hypothalamic regions and the pituitary stalk from 21 autopsy samples.

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Neuronal perikarya and nerve terminal innervation were examined in 7 cases.

Main Results:

The pituitary stalk exhibited the highest SP content (16.7 ng/mg protein), followed by the mediobasal hypothalamus (8.3 ng/mg protein).
Dense SP-containing nerve terminals innervated the pituitary stalk portal vessels.
The pituitary stalk, mediobasal, and lateral hypothalamus showed the highest density of SP-containing neuronal perikarya.
SP levels were not influenced by age, sex, or post-mortem delay.

Conclusions:

The distribution of SP in the human hypothalamus and pituitary stalk supports its role as a neuromodulator.
SP likely influences hypothalamo-pituitary endocrine function in humans.