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Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition
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Training-induced changes in inhibitory control network activity.

Elliot T Berkman1, Lauren E Kahn, Junaid S Merchant

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inhibitory control (IC) training improved performance on the stop-signal task (SST). Neural activity shifted earlier, with increased activation in prefrontal cortex regions anticipating control needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Brain Research

Background:

  • Inhibitory control (IC) is crucial for goal-directed behavior.
  • Previous research suggests IC training improves task performance but lacks transferability.
  • Neural mechanisms underlying IC training adaptations remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of targeted inhibitory control (IC) training on behavioral performance.
  • To examine changes in neural activation patterns within the IC network following training.
  • To elucidate the neural pathways associated with improvements in IC.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial with 60 participants assigned to IC training or sham training.
  • Adaptive stop-signal task (SST) used for behavioral assessment over 10 sessions.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neural activation before and after training.

Main Results:

  • Significant behavioral improvements in the IC training group compared to the control group.
  • Neuroimaging revealed a shift in neural activity within the IC network, occurring earlier in trials.
  • Increased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during cue phases, and decreased activation during control implementation.

Conclusions:

  • IC training enhances behavioral performance and induces specific neural adaptations.
  • Neural changes support a proactive control model, with earlier engagement of IC networks.
  • Findings provide insight into neural mechanisms of IC improvement and may explain lack of transfer in prior studies.