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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
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More common than you think: common variable immune deficiency.

Abimbola Aderinto1, Vibav Mouli1, Danielle F Resar1

  • 1Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA ; Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Case Reports in Hematology
|January 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A prolonged diagnostic mystery involving a teen with low platelets (thrombocytopenia) was solved by identifying a common immunologic disorder, not an infection. Prompt treatment led to recovery.

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Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • A 16-year-old male presented with persistent thrombocytopenia, initially misdiagnosed.
  • Symptoms progressed to include adenopathy and splenomegaly, complicating diagnosis.
  • Previous evaluations, including oncology and infectious disease workups, were inconclusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the diagnostic odyssey of a patient with prolonged thrombocytopenia.
  • To highlight the challenges in diagnosing rare presentations of common disorders.
  • To emphasize the importance of comprehensive immunologic evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment course.
  • Review of patient history including farm work and livestock exposure.
  • Exclusion of infectious and oncologic etiologies.
  • Final diagnosis based on specific immunologic markers and clinical response.

Main Results:

  • Initial diagnosis of viral illness and subsequent atypical zoonotic infection were disproven.
  • Despite antibiotic treatment for suspected infection, thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly persisted.
  • A common immunologic disorder was identified as the underlying cause.
  • The patient showed significant improvement following targeted therapy for the immunologic condition.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly in adolescents warrant thorough investigation beyond initial diagnoses.
  • Atypical zoonotic infections can mimic other conditions, requiring careful differentiation.
  • Identifying underlying immunologic disorders is crucial for effective management of complex hematologic presentations.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering common immunologic disorders even after extensive workups for infections or malignancies.