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Structure and physiological actions of ghrelin
1Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bat G/E-CP611, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
Scientifica
|January 2, 2014
Summary
Ghrelin, a gastric hormone, regulates growth hormone secretion and appetite. This review details ghrelin biology and its diverse physiological effects, including impacts on metabolism and more.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
- Physiology
Background:
- Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide hormone.
- It is primarily produced in the stomach and hypothalamus.
- Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current understanding of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) biology.
- To summarize the main physiological effects of ghrelin.
- To explore the mechanisms of ghrelin's action.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ghrelin and GHS-R research.
- Analysis of transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational processes.
- Discussion of receptor-mediated signaling pathways.
Main Results:
- Ghrelin's unique n-octanoylation is critical for its activity.
- Ghrelin influences growth hormone secretion, appetite, and gastrointestinal functions.
- It also impacts glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular function, inflammation, reproduction, and bone formation.
Conclusions:
- Ghrelin and its receptor play crucial roles in numerous physiological processes.
- Further research into ghrelin's diverse functions is warranted.
- Understanding ghrelin signaling may offer therapeutic targets.
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