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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

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A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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[Borrelial lymphocytoma].

Ellen J H Schatorjé1, Herjan van der Steeg, Foekje Stelma

  • 1Radboudumc, Nijmegen.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|January 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Borrelial lymphocytoma, a Lyme disease manifestation, can present as a nipple lesion. Early diagnosis through clinical signs and serology ensures effective doxycycline treatment and a positive prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Medical diagnosis
  • Infectious diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Borrelial lymphocytoma is a rare but characteristic manifestation of Lyme disease.
  • Typical sites include ears in children and chest/nipples in adults.
  • It is managed similarly to erythema migrans, with a favorable prognosis.

Observation:

  • A 16-year-old male presented with a several-month history of a swollen, red, and painful right nipple.
  • Initial ultrasound revealed normal breast tissue.
  • Incisional biopsy showed follicular hyperplasia, prompting suspicion of an infectious etiology.

Findings:

  • Serological analysis and PCR confirmed Lyme disease, specifically borrelial lymphocytoma.
  • The patient responded well to doxycycline treatment.

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Implications:

  • Early clinical recognition of borrelial lymphocytoma is crucial.
  • Supportive serological testing for Lyme disease can prevent unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment lead to favorable outcomes.