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Effects of ionizing radiation on biological molecules--mechanisms of damage and emerging methods of detection

Julie A Reisz1, Nidhi Bansal, Jiang Qian

  • 1Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|January 3, 2014
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Ionizing radiation (IR) causes oxidative damage through chemoselective modification of biomolecules. Advanced "omics" technologies reveal molecular mechanisms and biomarkers for IR exposure and response.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Radiation Biology

Background:

  • High-throughput
  • omics
  • technologies have transformed the study of ionizing radiation (IR) effects.
  • These technologies enable the identification of biomarkers for IR exposure and response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemical mechanisms of IR-induced biomolecule modifications.
  • To discuss methods for detecting these modifications and crucial experimental considerations.
  • To explore additional factors influencing cellular response to radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of chemical mechanisms for IR-induced biomolecule modifications.
  • Discussion of detection methods, including experimental considerations and caveats.
  • Analysis of factors such as protein expression, metabolomics, and epigenetics.

Main Results:

  • Ionizing radiation (IR) induces oxidative damage via chemoselective modification of biomolecules.
  • Detection methods for IR-induced modifications are detailed, with important caveats.
  • Alterations in protein expression, metabolomics, and epigenetics are critical to radiation response.

Conclusions:

  • The synergy of combined
  • omics
  • technologies (genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics) is key.
  • These integrated approaches will generate new hypotheses for understanding IR effects.
  • Advancements are expected to improve IR-based therapies and understanding of radiation biology.

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