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Flexible connectivity in the aging brain revealed by task modulations.

Linda Geerligs1, Emi Saliasi, Remco J Renken

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Summary

Elderly can adapt functional network connectivity (FNC) to tasks, but show different patterns than younger adults. Older adults recruit more resources for simpler tasks, suggesting a resource ceiling.

Keywords:
adaptabilityagingeigenvector centralityfunctional network connectivitygraph theoryresting stateselective attentiontask dependent connectivityworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging Research
  • Brain Network Dynamics

Background:

  • Aging significantly impacts brain functional network connectivity.
  • The capacity of older adults to adapt functional network connectivity (FNC) to cognitive demands remains an open question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in the adaptability of functional network connectivity (FNC) during cognitive tasks.
  • To explore how younger and older adults adjust FNC in response to varying task demands, from resting state to working memory challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from young and older participants across resting state, selective attention, and n-back tasks.
  • Employed spatial independent component analysis (IC) and dual regression to identify and analyze functional networks and their time-courses.
  • Calculated functional connectivity matrices and used eigenvector centrality (SEC) to quantify network influence and changes.

Main Results:

  • Both age groups demonstrated the ability to adapt FNC to task demands.
  • Older adults exhibited the greatest FNC changes between resting state and a selective attention task, suggesting resource recruitment.
  • Younger adults showed the largest FNC shifts between low and high-demand working memory tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Elderly individuals can adapt their functional network connectivity, but the pattern differs from younger adults.
  • Increased FNC changes in older adults during less demanding tasks likely reflect the recruitment of additional neural resources.
  • The limited FNC adaptation in older adults between low and high-demand tasks suggests they may reach a cognitive resource ceiling.