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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Multilocus sequence typing scheme for the Mycobacterium abscessus complex.

Edouard Macheras1, Julie Konjek2, Anne-Laure Roux3

  • 1APHP Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; EA 3647, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 2 avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.

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Summary

A new multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Mycobacterium abscessus sensu lato identifies 100 sequence types. This tool aids in tracking the spread of this bacterium globally and in clinical settings.

Keywords:
Cystic fibrosisMolecular identificationMolecular typingMultilocus sequence typingMycobacterium abscessus complexNon-tuberculous mycobacteriaOpportunistic mycobacteriaPhylogenetic analysisrpoB

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Mycobacterium abscessus sensu lato is a complex group of rapidly growing mycobacteria.
  • Accurate typing methods are crucial for understanding the epidemiology and transmission of M. abscessus infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for M. abscessus sensu lato.
  • To characterize a global collection of M. abscessus isolates using the new MLST scheme.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an MLST scheme based on partial sequencing of seven housekeeping genes (argH, cya, glpK, gnd, murC, pta, purH).
  • Characterization of 227 M. abscessus isolates from France, Germany, Switzerland, and Brazil (1994-2010).
  • Phylogenetic analysis using SplitTree to determine genetic relationships and identify lateral gene transfer events.

Main Results:

  • Identification of 100 distinct sequence types (STs) distributed into three main phylogenetic groups: M. abscessus sensu stricto, "M. massiliense", and "M. bolletii".
  • Prevalence of ST1 (CC5) and ST23 (CC3), with ST23 implicated in a Brazilian post-surgical outbreak.
  • ST2 was predominant among respiratory isolates from cystic fibrosis patients, indicating potential host-specific adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MLST scheme is a valuable tool for epidemiological studies of M. abscessus sensu lato.
  • The scheme provides robust discriminatory power for differentiating strains and understanding population structures.
  • The findings highlight the genetic diversity within M. abscessus and the potential for intergroup gene transfer.