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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Dynamic Adhesion Assay for the Functional Analysis of Anti-adhesion Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Adhesive dynamics.

Daniel A Hammer

    Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
    |January 4, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Adhesive dynamics (AD) simulates how biological bonds respond to force, capturing stochastic events. This method models molecular interactions and material dynamics, with applications from cell adhesion to viral binding.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biophysics
    • Computational Biology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Biological bonds are mechanical entities whose dissociation rates are modulated by applied forces.
    • Stochastic events involving small numbers of molecular interactions often govern biological processes.
    • Understanding the dynamic response of biological systems to force is crucial for various applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and detail the Adhesive Dynamics (AD) method for simulating biological system responses to force.
    • To demonstrate how AD captures the stochastic nature of individual bond formation and failure.
    • To highlight the versatility and expanding applications of AD in biological and non-biological systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a method for sampling probability distributions of individual bond formation or failure.
    • Coupled force, strain, and kinetics to capture stochastic responses.
    • Utilized mechanical energy balance and material rheology to calculate shape and motion of materials.

    Main Results:

    • AD provides a detailed spatio-temporal map of molecules and forces.
    • The method successfully captures the dynamic reconfiguration of biological bonds under mechanical stress.
    • Demonstrated successful application of AD in simulating leukocyte adhesion under flow.

    Conclusions:

    • Adhesive Dynamics (AD) is a powerful method for simulating the mechanical behavior of biological systems.
    • AD has been extended to diverse applications including viral binding, cell-cell interactions, and material science.
    • Integrated Signaling Adhesive Dynamics (ISAD) represents a significant advancement, merging signaling networks with mechanical models.