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Combining instruction prefetching with partial cache locking to improve WCET in real-time systems.

Fan Ni1, Xiang Long1, Han Wan1

  • 1School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.

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Summary
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This study introduces a partial cache locking mechanism combined with instruction prefetching (BBIP) to improve real-time system timing predictability. This approach enhances Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis, outperforming full cache locking.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Engineering
  • Embedded Systems
  • Real-Time Systems

Background:

  • Caches are crucial for embedded systems, bridging processor-memory speed gaps.
  • Prefetching mechanisms enhance cache performance.
  • Cache unpredictability complicates Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis in real-time systems.
  • Instruction cache locking improves timing predictability but can degrade performance and increase WCET.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel instruction-prefetching combined partial cache locking mechanism.
  • To enhance the timing predictability and WCET estimates for real-time applications.
  • To mitigate the performance degradation associated with full cache locking.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of an existing instruction prefetching mechanism (BBIP) with a partial cache locking strategy.
  • Development of a combined mechanism to improve worst-case cache performance.
  • Estimation of WCET improvements on typical real-time applications.

Main Results:

  • The proposed partial cache locking mechanism demonstrates significant WCET improvements.
  • The combined approach shows superior performance compared to static analysis.
  • The mechanism offers notable advantages over full cache locking strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The instruction-prefetching combined partial cache locking mechanism effectively improves WCET estimates in real-time systems.
  • This hybrid approach balances cache performance and timing predictability.
  • It presents a promising solution for optimizing real-time embedded systems.