Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in malignancy: a review

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Oncology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is crucial for NAD synthesis, a vital cellular cofactor.
• Elevated intracellular Nampt (iNampt) and extracellular Nampt (eNampt) are observed in various human malignancies.
• Increased iNampt correlates with tumor aggressiveness and metastasis, while elevated eNampt is linked to advanced cancer stages and poor prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted roles of Nampt in the development and progression of cancer.
• To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which Nampt overexpression contributes to carcinogenesis.
• To explore the therapeutic potential of Nampt inhibitors in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating Nampt's function in malignancy.
• Analysis of molecular targets associated with Nampt overexpression (e.g., SirT1, CtBP, PARP-1).
• Discussion of preclinical and clinical evidence regarding Nampt inhibitors in cancer therapy.

Main Results:

• Nampt overexpression influences key signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, and DNA repair.
• Specific molecular targets like SirT1, CtBP, and PARP-1 are implicated in Nampt-driven carcinogenesis.
• Emerging data suggests that targeting Nampt may offer a novel therapeutic avenue for various cancers.

Conclusions:

• Nampt plays a significant role in promoting cancer development and progression through various molecular mechanisms.
• The dual presence of iNampt and eNampt in tumors highlights its importance across different cellular compartments.
• Targeting Nampt with inhibitors represents a promising strategy for future cancer therapies.