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Immunization coverage: role of sociodemographic variables.

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In urban Indian slums, only 44% of children are fully vaccinated. Key barriers include child illness and lack of knowledge, with low maternal education linked to lower immunization rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • National immunization coverage in India is insufficient, with only 44% of children aged 12-23 months fully vaccinated.
  • Pockets of unvaccinated individuals can act as reservoirs for infectious diseases, even with high national coverage.
  • Assessing immunization coverage in specific urban settings is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunization coverage among children in an urban slum.
  • To identify sociodemographic factors associated with vaccination status.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban slum.
  • The World Health Organization's 30 cluster sampling method was used to select 210 children.
  • Data on vaccination status and sociodemographic variables were collected.

Main Results:

  • Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) coverage was high (97.1%), while measles vaccine coverage was the lowest.
  • The primary reasons for non-compliance were child illness during scheduled vaccination and lack of knowledge about immunization importance.
  • Low maternal education, high birth order, and place of delivery were associated with lower vaccination coverage.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted interventions are needed to improve immunization coverage in urban slums.
  • Educational and informational activities (IEC) are recommended to increase mothers' perceived need for immunization.
  • Addressing barriers like child illness and improving maternal education are vital for enhancing vaccination rates.