Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

1.5K
Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation...
1.5K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

4.2K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.2K
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

3.7K
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
3.7K
Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.5K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Light-Activated RPE65 Inhibitors Enable On-Demand Visual Cycle Control.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Hybrid brain-computer interface using error-related potential and reinforcement learning.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2025
Same author

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment of oral nicotinamide in the NEAT clinical trial for early Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2025
Same author

Spatially resolved detection of small molecules from press-dried plant tissue using MALDI imaging.

Applications in plant sciences·2023
Same author

Breath biomarkers of total body irradiation in non-human primates.

Journal of breath research·2021
Same author

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Detection of Antibiotic Agents in Sputum from Persons with Cystic Fibrosis.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2020
Same journal

Bilateral macronodular and micronodular hyperplasia: Biochemical, radiological and genetic diagnosis.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

ACTH independent Cushing's syndrome: Diagnosis and etiology.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

Biochemical diagnosis of hypercortisolism: When and how?

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

New tools for the diagnosis of hypercortisolism.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

Cardiometabolic comorbidities in overt Cushing's syndrome.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
Same journal

Molecular profile of Cushing's syndrome.

Vitamins and hormones·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

8.1K

The obesogen tributyltin.

Felix Grün1

  • 1The Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.

Vitamins and Hormones
|January 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental pollutants like tributyltin can disrupt the body's natural weight regulation, potentially leading to obesity. Research shows these chemicals mimic hormones, affecting fat cell biology and contributing to metabolic health issues.

Keywords:
AdipogenesisNuclear hormone receptorObesityObesogenOrganotinTributyltin

More Related Videos

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Its Prey
12:24

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Its Prey

Published on: August 29, 2014

10.3K
Author Spotlight: A New and Efficient Method for Comprehensive Metabolite Cytotoxicity Assessment of Triazole Pesticides in Plants
08:22

Author Spotlight: A New and Efficient Method for Comprehensive Metabolite Cytotoxicity Assessment of Triazole Pesticides in Plants

Published on: December 22, 2023

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

8.1K
Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Its Prey
12:24

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Its Prey

Published on: August 29, 2014

10.3K
Author Spotlight: A New and Efficient Method for Comprehensive Metabolite Cytotoxicity Assessment of Triazole Pesticides in Plants
08:22

Author Spotlight: A New and Efficient Method for Comprehensive Metabolite Cytotoxicity Assessment of Triazole Pesticides in Plants

Published on: December 22, 2023

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic disease research

Background:

  • The obesogen hypothesis suggests environmental pollutants contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
  • Chemicals can disrupt physiological controls by mimicking hormones or signaling metabolites.
  • Nuclear receptors play a key role in mediating these effects on metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the organotin pollutant tributyltin (TBT) in obesity and metabolic health.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which TBT affects lipid metabolism and adipocyte biology.
  • To evaluate the potential of organotins as a model system for studying chemical insults and human metabolic health.

Main Methods:

  • Examined the binding and activation of nuclear receptors by tributyltin.
  • Investigated TBT's influence on RXR-PPARγ transcriptional regulation.
  • Assessed the long-term effects of TBT on whole-body adipose tissue.

Main Results:

  • Tributyltin was shown to bind and activate the RXR-PPARγ pathway.
  • This activation is central to lipid metabolism and adipocyte biology.
  • Evidence supports long-term obesogenic effects of TBT on adipose tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Tributyltin acts as an obesogen by disrupting nuclear receptor signaling involved in lipid metabolism.
  • Organotins serve as a valuable model for understanding how environmental chemicals impact obesity and metabolic health.
  • These findings highlight the epidemiological significance of chemical pollutants in human metabolic dysfunction.