Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

5.8K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.8K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

7.1K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.1K
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

28
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
28
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

26
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
26
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

23
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
23
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

30
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
30

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Influence of stathmin 1 (STMN1) expression on neoangiogenesis in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Pathology, research and practice·2022
Same author

Clinical significance of Leptin receptor (LEPR) and Endoglin (CD105) expressions in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology·2020
Same author

Clinical significance of microvessel density and proliferation in prostate cancer core biopsy.

Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology·2017
Same author

Involvement of leptin receptors expression in proliferation and neoangiogenesis in colorectal carcinoma.

Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology·2015
Same author

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvascular density assessment in different histotypes of basal cell carcinoma.

Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology·2014
Same author

Focal neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic gland carcinoma with basaloid pattern.

Vojnosanitetski pregled·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.4K

Cadmium effects on the thyroid gland.

Snezana A Jancic1, Bojan Z Stosic2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.

Vitamins and Hormones
|January 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cadmium exposure, a known carcinogen, accumulates in the thyroid gland, potentially causing oxidative stress and thyroid tissue damage. Research is needed to understand cadmium

Keywords:
Cadmium toxicityPreneoplastic lesionsThyroid gland

More Related Videos

The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chemical Bath Deposition of Bisthiourea Cadmium Chloride Crystals and the Subsequent CdS Obtention
05:21

The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chemical Bath Deposition of Bisthiourea Cadmium Chloride Crystals and the Subsequent CdS Obtention

Published on: August 30, 2018

6.9K
An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium
09:33

An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium

Published on: December 17, 2018

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.4K
The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chemical Bath Deposition of Bisthiourea Cadmium Chloride Crystals and the Subsequent CdS Obtention
05:21

The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chemical Bath Deposition of Bisthiourea Cadmium Chloride Crystals and the Subsequent CdS Obtention

Published on: August 30, 2018

6.9K
An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium
09:33

An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium

Published on: December 17, 2018

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Endocrinology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Cadmium is a priority pollutant and a known carcinogen, with established effects on lungs, testicles, and prostate.
  • Limited research exists on cadmium's impact on the thyroid gland, despite its known accumulation in this organ.
  • Cadmium accumulation in the thyroid correlates with blood cadmium levels, and women of fertile age exhibit higher concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the under-researched effects of cadmium on the thyroid gland.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of cadmium-induced thyroid damage, including oxidative stress.
  • To review pathological findings associated with chronic cadmium toxicity in the thyroid.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on cadmium toxicology and its effects on endocrine organs.
  • Analysis of studies correlating cadmium levels with thyroid accumulation and pathology.
  • Examination of cellular mechanisms, particularly mitochondrial damage, induced by cadmium.

Main Results:

  • Cadmium accumulates in the thyroid gland, with higher levels observed in women of fertile age.
  • Cadmium induces oxidative stress and tissue damage indirectly, with mitochondria as primary targets.
  • Chronic cadmium toxicity is associated with specific thyroid pathologies, including goiter and follicular hyperplasia.

Conclusions:

  • Cadmium poses a significant, yet under-recognized, risk to thyroid gland health.
  • Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are key mechanisms in cadmium-induced thyroid damage.
  • Further research is crucial to fully elucidate the carcinogenic potential and health implications of cadmium on the thyroid.