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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

32.8K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Polymers02:34

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Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

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For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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Frontiers in polymer chemistry.

A Dieter Schlüter1

  • 1Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry Department of Materials ETH Zurich, HCI J 541 Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. ads@mat.ethz.ch.

Chimia
|January 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study expands polymer chemistry by synthesizing dendronized and 2D polymers, overcoming challenges in high molar mass analysis and opening new application frontiers.

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Macromolecular Science

Background:

  • The foundational concept of linear macromolecules by Staudinger has been expanded.
  • Novel macromolecular architectures beyond linear chains are of significant interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore topological expansion of polymer chains.
  • To detail the synthesis of dendronized and two-dimensional (2D) polymers.
  • To address analytical challenges associated with high molar mass polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of dendronized polymers.
  • Synthesis of two-dimensional polymers.
  • Investigation of analytical techniques for high molar mass macromolecules.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of novel dendronized and 2D polymers.

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  • Identification of obstacles and solutions in their preparation.
  • Demonstration of significant analytical challenges, particularly contrast and sensitivity issues for 2D polymers.

    • Conclusions:

    • The topological expansion of polymer chains leads to novel macromolecular structures.
    • These advanced polymers present unique synthetic and analytical challenges.
    • Further research in this area promises new insights in polymer science and potential applications.