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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation01:24

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Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
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Lung function in wheezing infants.

Manuel Sanchez-Solis1, Luis Garcia-Marcos1

  • 1Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Pabellon Docente, Universitario. Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n. 30120 El Palmar, Murcia. Spain.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition)
|January 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent wheeze in infants can persist into adulthood. Early infant lung function impairment is linked to persistent wheezing and later asthma, with specific risk factors identified.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric respiratory medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Recurrent wheeze is common in infants, often transient but sometimes persistent.
  • Persistent recurrent wheeze can continue into adulthood, impacting long-term health.
  • Understanding risk factors and early lung function is crucial for managing persistent wheeze.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between recurrent wheeze and lung function impairment in infants.
  • To explore the early onset of lung function deficits associated with wheezing.
  • To examine the link between infant wheeze, lung function, and later-life asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of international cohort studies.
  • Analysis of existing data on infant lung function and wheezing phenotypes.
  • Synthesis of research on risk factors for persistent wheeze and low lung function.

Main Results:

  • Infant lung function plays a role in the pathophysiology of recurrent wheeze.
  • Impaired lung function can be detected early in life in infants with recurrent wheeze.
  • Certain risk factors are associated with reduced lung function in infancy.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of lung function impairment in infants with recurrent wheeze is important.
  • Persistent recurrent wheeze and associated lung function deficits may predict later asthma.
  • Identifying risk factors for low infant lung function can inform preventative strategies.