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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Skin barrier in atopic dermatitis.

Sanja Kezic1, Natalija Novak2, Ivone Jakasa3

  • 1Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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Summary

Skin barrier dysfunction is a key factor in atopic dermatitis (AD). This review covers skin barrier roles in AD pathogenesis, immune links, and barrier repair therapies, including genetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The skin barrier, composed of the stratum corneum and epidermal tight junctions, is crucial for protection.
  • Alterations in structural proteins and lipids impair skin barrier function, contributing to skin diseases.
  • Diminished skin barrier function is a primary factor in atopic dermatitis (AD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the skin barrier in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis and treatment.
  • To explore the relationship between skin barrier abnormalities and immune system dysregulation.
  • To discuss potential therapies focused on skin barrier repair and recent genetic findings in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on skin barrier function in AD.
  • Analysis of studies on the interplay between skin barrier defects and immune responses.
  • Examination of emerging research on AD genetics and barrier repair strategies.

Main Results:

  • Skin barrier defects are central to AD pathogenesis, influencing immune responses.
  • Therapies targeting skin barrier repair show promise for AD management.
  • Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of AD and skin barrier abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Restoring skin barrier integrity is a critical therapeutic goal in atopic dermatitis.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of AD can inform the development of novel barrier-focused treatments.
  • Integrated approaches addressing skin barrier, immune function, and genetics are essential for effective AD management.