[Gastritis and gastropathy]

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Pathology
• Histology

Background:

• Stomach mucosa alterations manifest diverse symptoms due to various adverse effects.
• Classifying gastric mucosal changes is challenging due to similar appearances from different causes and varied changes from identical causes.
• Accurate understanding of stomach mucosal pathological processes requires re-evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define and classify gastritis and gastropathy.
• To present the distinct features of gastritis and gastropathy.
• To emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis for treatment and prognosis.

Main Methods:

• Histological examination to define gastritis as mucosal inflammation.
• Classification of gastropathies based on pathological effects, morphology, and development.
• Review of existing literature on gastric mucosal alterations.

Main Results:

• Gastritis is defined by histological mucosal inflammation, with acute forms caused by infections and chronic forms including autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori inflammation.
• Gastropathy involves structural mucosal alterations with minimal inflammatory signs.
• Gastropathies are categorized into four groups based on etiology, morphology, and pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

• Clear definitions and classifications of gastritis and gastropathy are essential for accurate pathological and clinical diagnosis.
• Distinguishing between gastritis and gastropathy impacts treatment strategies and patient prognosis.
• Further research into the pathological processes of the stomach mucosa is warranted.