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Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Updated: May 4, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

Soft tissue balancing in total shoulder replacement.

Maike Mueller¹, Gregory Hoy

¹Evangelisches Waldkrankenhaus, Spandau, Berlin, Germany.

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine

|January 7, 2014

Summary

Anatomic shoulder replacement success relies on soft tissues and muscle function. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty requires specific understanding of remaining soft tissues, especially with rotator cuff issues.

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomedical engineering
Musculoskeletal anatomy

Background:

Total shoulder arthroplasty aims to restore native shoulder anatomy.
Function and longevity depend on soft tissue integrity and muscle function.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty introduces unique soft tissue considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the critical role of soft tissues in shoulder arthroplasty outcomes.
To emphasize the anatomical and technical knowledge required for soft tissue balancing.
To outline the specific soft tissue considerations for reverse shoulder arthroplasty in cases of rotator cuff deficiency.

Main Methods:

Review of anatomical principles relevant to shoulder arthroplasty.
Analysis of biomechanical factors influencing shoulder joint function.

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Evaluation of surgical techniques for soft tissue management in shoulder replacement.

Main Results:

Anatomic shoulder arthroplasty can closely replicate native bone structure.
Successful outcomes are contingent upon a healthy soft tissue envelope and functional musculature.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty necessitates a specialized understanding of remaining soft tissues, particularly with significant rotator cuff tears.

Conclusions:

Soft tissue balance is paramount for successful total shoulder arthroplasty.
Expert anatomical knowledge and surgical skill are essential for soft tissue management.
Reverse shoulder biomechanics requires tailored approaches to soft tissue handling in rotator cuff deficient shoulders.