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Updated: May 4, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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The lognormal handwriter: learning, performing, and declining.

Réjean Plamondon1, Christian O'Reilly2, Céline Rémi3

  • 1Laboratoire Scribens, Département de Génie Électrique, École Polytechnique de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada.

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|January 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Handwriting generation follows lognormal models, reflecting precise neuromotor control. Learning handwriting enhances this lognormal behavior, while aging leads to deviations, indicating motor control decline.

Keywords:
aginghandwriting analysis and generationkinematic theorylearninglognormal modelslognormalityneuromuscular systems

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Handwriting is a complex neuromotor skill involving cognitive processes.
  • The Kinematic Theory and lognormal models describe handwriting strokes as basic units.
  • Lognormality in velocity patterns suggests precise control of human movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the Kinematic Theory and its lognormal models for handwriting analysis.
  • To investigate the operational convergence hypothesis using handwriting data.
  • To analyze the impact of motor learning and aging on handwriting patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of the Kinematic Theory of rapid human movements.
  • Application of lognormal models to analyze handwriting trajectories.
  • Analysis of handwriting parameters in studies of motor learning and aging.

Main Results:

  • Lognormal models provide an ideal mathematical description for handwriting strokes.
  • Children exhibit converging lognormal behavior as they learn to write more fluently.
  • Aging leads to increased deviation from ideal lognormal patterns due to declining fine motor control.

Conclusions:

  • Handwriting analysis using lognormal models reveals insights into neuromotor control.
  • Motor learning facilitates a convergence toward precise lognormal handwriting patterns.
  • Aging is associated with a progressive departure from ideal lognormal handwriting behavior.