Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Increased Glucose Availability Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer to Macrophage-Targeting Immunotherapies.

Cancer research communications·2026

Same author

MYC serine 62 phosphorylation promotes its association with DNA double-strand breaks to facilitate repair and cell survival under genotoxic stress.

Genes & development·2026

Same author

PARP4 ADP-ribosylates PIDD1 to complete a phospho/SUMO/PAR-ylation cascade that orchestrates PIDDosome assembly.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Impaired Adipose Anabolism in Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia Is Reversed by HuR Inhibition.

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·2026

Same author

Addressing pancreatic cancer disparities in Oregon's Native American population via tribally responsive research systems with the confederated tribes of warm springs.

Cancer causes & control : CCC·2026

Same author

PARP1-HPF1 structure and dynamics on nicked DNA suggest a mechanism for acute and localized ADP-ribosylation.

Nature communications·2026

Same journal

Explainable incremental-value analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient and arterial spin labeling radiomics for ATRX status prediction in glioblastoma.

Frontiers in oncology·2026

Same journal

Study-level factors associated with hematoma after ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted breast lesion excision: a systematic review and meta-analysis using a T-P-B framework.

Frontiers in oncology·2026

Same journal

Feasibility and strategy analysis of radiotherapy consolidation following immunotherapy for stage IV esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Frontiers in oncology·2026

Same journal

Anastomosing hemangioma of the kidney: a case report.

Frontiers in oncology·2026

Same journal

Machine learning-based prediction of prolonged air leak after uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery segmentectomy.

Frontiers in oncology·2026

Same journal

Past present and future of radiosensitization in cervical cancer.

Frontiers in oncology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Structural Implications for Selective Targeting of PARPs.

Jamin D Steffen¹, Jonathan R Brody², Roger S Armen³

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA , USA.

Frontiers in Oncology

|January 7, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are crucial enzymes targeted by new cancer drugs. This review explores strategies for developing selective PARP inhibitors to improve cancer therapy and reduce side effects.

Keywords:

PARP inhibitor design selectivity structure

More Related Videos

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 PTPN11 Phosphatase Inhibitors

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 PTPN11 Phosphatase Inhibitors

Published on: July 17, 2020

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay for Studying Functional Interactions Between Receptors and Enzymes

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay for Studying Functional Interactions Between Receptors and Enzymes

Published on: September 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 PTPN11 Phosphatase Inhibitors

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 PTPN11 Phosphatase Inhibitors

Published on: July 17, 2020

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay for Studying Functional Interactions Between Receptors and Enzymes

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay for Studying Functional Interactions Between Receptors and Enzymes

Published on: September 28, 2018

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology

Background:

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are enzymes involved in DNA repair, genomic integrity, and cell fate.
PARP inhibitors are developed as cancer therapeutics, particularly for synthetic lethality in DNA repair-deficient tumors.
Current PARP inhibitors often lack selectivity, leading to unclear therapeutic and adverse effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To review strategies for achieving selectivity among PARP family members.
To explore novel therapeutic approaches targeting different PARP domains.
To enhance understanding of PARP inhibitor profiles for improved cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current research on PARP inhibitor selectivity.
Analysis of strategies targeting conserved and non-conserved PARP domains.
Discussion of emerging drug classes for selective PARP inhibition.

Main Results:

Several approaches are emerging to achieve selectivity for specific PARP enzymes.
Targeting non-catalytic domains offers potential for highly selective inhibition.
Understanding inhibition profiles is key to differentiating therapeutic effects.

Conclusions:

Selective PARP inhibition holds promise for more effective and safer cancer therapies.
Targeting diverse PARP domains can lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
Further research into PARP inhibitor selectivity will refine cancer treatment options.