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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

In vitro Assessment of Myocardial Protection following Hypothermia-Preconditioning in a Human Cardiac Myocytes Model
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Hypothermia protects human neurons.

Ana Antonic1, Mirella Dottori, Jessie Leung

  • 1Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia.

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
|January 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypothermia protects human neurons derived from stem cells against stroke-related injuries, including oxidative stress and oxygen-glucose deprivation. This neuroprotective effect is observed even when cooling is initiated hours after the injury onset.

Keywords:
brainhypothermiaischemic strokeneuroprotectionstem cellstreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Hypothermia demonstrates neuroprotection in various conditions, including stroke models.
  • Drug development for stroke has faced significant translational challenges.
  • Further evidence is needed to confirm hypothermia's protective effects on human neurons against ischemic injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuroprotective potential of hypothermia on human neurons derived from embryonic stem cells.
  • To assess the efficacy of hypothermia against different types of ischemic and oxidative insults relevant to stroke.
  • To determine if hypothermia offers protection when initiated after the onset of injury.

Main Methods:

  • Human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into neurons.
  • Neurons were subjected to oxygen deprivation, oxygen-glucose deprivation, and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.
  • Hypothermia was applied at 33°C, with interventions timed differently relative to injury onset.

Main Results:

  • Hypothermia significantly reduced cell death markers (lactate dehydrogenase release and TUNL staining) in response to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen-glucose deprivation.
  • Neuroprotection was observed even when hypothermia was initiated six hours after the onset of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.
  • Hypothermia did not provide protection against oxygen deprivation alone, suggesting a role for glucose availability.

Conclusions:

  • Hypothermia confers neuroprotection to human stem cell-derived neurons against stroke-relevant insults.
  • The protective mechanism appears to involve an interaction with glucose availability, as protection was seen with oxygen-glucose deprivation but not oxygen deprivation alone.
  • These findings support the potential clinical application of hypothermia in managing ischemic stroke.