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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

ERP correlates of malingered executive dysfunction.

Steven Hoover¹, Tina M Zottoli², Jillian Grose-Fifer³

¹The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology

|January 8, 2014

Summary

This study found that the P3a brainwave response, a measure of executive function, was not affected by simulated malingering in individuals faking traumatic brain injury (TBI) deficits. This suggests P3a may be a reliable physiological indicator for distinguishing genuine TBI from malingering.

Keywords:

ERP Forensic psychology Malingering Neuropsychology P300 P3a

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Area of Science:

Neuropsychology
Cognitive Neuroscience
Forensic Psychology

Background:

Malingering assessment is crucial in neuropsychological and forensic evaluations.
Traditional malingering measures are susceptible to manipulation and coaching.
Research is exploring physiological indices of cognitive function resistant to deception.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a physiological measure, the P3a event-related potential (ERP), as an indicator of executive functioning.
To determine if simulated malingerers feigning traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibit altered P3a responses compared to controls.

Main Methods:

Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) with a three-stimulus oddball design.
Compared neural responses (P3a) between simulated malingerers and control participants.
Investigated P3a as a physiological index of frontal lobe executive processes and attentional orienting.

Main Results:

Simulated malingerers did not show significantly different P3a responses compared to controls.
The P3a response in malingerers did not mirror findings from previous TBI patient studies.
Attempting to feign impairment produced physiological markers of deception, but P3a remained unaffected.

Conclusions:

The P3a component appears robust against conscious manipulation of performance during malingering assessments.
P3a's resistance to motivation and overt performance suggests potential as a physiological tool.
This ERP may aid in differentiating genuine TBI-related cognitive deficits from malingered ones.