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Related Concept Videos

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Pharmacokinetics is a vital branch of pharmacology that examines how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Two key methodologies in pharmacokinetics are plasma drug concentration studies and urinary drug excretion analyses, both of which provide critical insights into a drug's therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.Plasma Drug Concentration-Time StudiesPlasma drug concentration-time studies involve analyzing blood samples at specific intervals to quantify...
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Pharmacodynamic methods provide insights into a drug's effects on physiological processes over time and play a crucial role in understanding bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can be broadly classified into acute pharmacological and therapeutic response approaches, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.The acute pharmacological response method directly correlates a drug's physiological effects, such as ECG or pupil diameter changes, to its time course in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

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Body composition studies with intravenous nutrition.

R C Smith1

  • 1University Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|January 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Intravenous nutrition protocols can maintain body composition in patients. Essential nutrients include 0.3g nitrogen/kg/day and 40 kcal/kg/day, regardless of patient condition or glucose-to-lipid ratio.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Metabolic Support
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Intravenous nutrition (IVN) is critical for patients unable to use the enteric route.
  • Determining optimal IVN protocols is challenging due to patient complexity and confounding factors.
  • Body composition measures offer accurate assessment for tailoring patient IVN protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish precise nutritional requirements for maintaining body composition in patients receiving IVN.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of peripheral IVN compared to central IVN.
  • To determine the optimal energy substrate balance in IVN therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized body composition analysis to monitor changes over a 14-day study period in 10-15 patients.

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  • Assessed nutritional outcomes comparing all-glucose solutions with lipid-containing solutions.
  • Compared peripheral IVN protocols adjusted to central IVN standards.

    • Main Results:

    • A consistent requirement of 0.3g nitrogen/kg/day and 40 kcal/kg/day was identified to maintain body composition over 14 days.
    • Nutritional input requirements were similar in post-operative non-septic and pre-operative depleted states.
    • Peripheral IVN can maintain body composition with at least 30% of non-protein calories from glucose.

    Conclusions:

    • Established specific nitrogen and caloric targets for maintaining body composition via IVN.
    • Demonstrated that peripheral IVN is a viable alternative to central IVN when protocols are optimized.
    • Highlighted the importance of energy substrate balance, particularly glucose, in peripheral IVN efficacy.