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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

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Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
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Microbes in the Production of Fermented Foods01:27

Microbes in the Production of Fermented Foods

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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and molds are instrumental in fermenting plant-based foods to enhance preservation and ensure year-round availability. These microbial processes convert plant carbohydrates into organic acids and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and contribute to the sensory qualities of the final product.In sauerkraut production, cabbage goes through a microbial succession that starts with cocci such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. These microbes begin fermentation by...
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Microbes in Food Production01:29

Microbes in Food Production

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Microbial fermentation is central to food biotechnology, enhancing flavor, texture, preservation, and stability. Fermentative microorganisms metabolize carbohydrates into organic acids, alcohols, and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and improve digestibility while contributing distinctive sensory qualities.In baking, amylases naturally present in flour hydrolyze starch into monosaccharides such as glucose, which Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments anaerobically. Through...
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Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: pH01:29

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: pH

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Microorganisms are classified as acidophiles, neutrophiles, or alkaliphiles based on their pH growth preferences, reflecting their adaptations to specific environments. Maintaining a stable intracellular pH is critical for macromolecular stability and enzymatic activity, which can be challenged by external pH variations.Neutrophiles, such as Escherichia coli, grow optimally between pH 5.5 and 8.0. These microorganisms inhabit neutral or slightly acidic environments and employ mechanisms like...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods
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Selection criteria for probiotic microorganisms.

P L Conway1

  • 1School of Microbiology and Immunology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|January 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Probiotics, live microorganisms benefiting host health, are selected using strict criteria for efficacy and safety. These functional strains, often lactic acid bacteria, require rigorous testing, including clinical trials, for optimal use.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating indigenous microbial communities.
  • The human intestinal flora is crucial for health and disease, making probiotics valuable for gut health and immune stimulation.
  • Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used probiotics, but non-LAB and human-origin strains are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the selection criteria for functional probiotic strains.
  • To discuss the methodologies for evaluating probiotic efficacy and safety.
  • To address the current and future considerations for probiotic development and application.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging criteria for probiotic strain selection.
  • Inclusion of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial data for efficacy assessment.
  • Discussion of safety considerations, including potential pathogenicity and regulatory implications.

Main Results:

  • Strict selection criteria ensure probiotic strains are host-origin, well-characterized, and survive the digestive tract.
  • Demonstrable efficacy requires biological activity, stability, and evidence from rigorous testing.
  • Safety evaluation is critical for both LAB and non-LAB probiotic strains.

Conclusions:

  • Employing comprehensive selection criteria yields probiotic strains with demonstrable efficacy.
  • Ongoing research and clinical trials are essential for validating probiotic benefits and safety.
  • Future probiotic development will focus on well-characterized, safe, and effective strains.