Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

16.1K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
16.1K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

11.1K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
11.1K
Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis01:26

Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis

1.9K
A rigid body's rotation around a fixed axis makes every point within it trace a circular path around a specific line or point. The term given to this type of spinning is defined by the angular position, symbolized by the angle θ. This angle is gauged from a static reference line to the revolving object. From this angular position, any variation is referred to as angular displacement, denoted by dθ. The extent of this displacement can be calculated in degrees, radians, or...
1.9K
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

9.2K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
9.2K
Stereoisomers02:32

Stereoisomers

14.0K
On the basis of mirror symmetry, stereoisomers of an organic molecule can be further classified into diastereomers and enantiomers. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. Substituted alkenes, such as the cis and trans isomers of 2-butene, are diastereomers, as these molecules exhibit different spatial orientations of their constituent atoms, are not mirror images of each other, and do not interconvert. Here, the interconversion is suppressed due to...
14.0K
Transformation of Plane Stress01:18

Transformation of Plane Stress

912
Studying stress transformation is essential in understanding how stress components within a material, like a cube under plane stress, change with rotation. This change is analyzed by considering a prismatic element within the cube. As the element rotates, the stress components acting on it—both normal and shearing stresses—change in magnitude and orientation. This change is quantified using trigonometric functions of the rotation angle, relating the forces acting on the rotated element's...
912

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Demasculinized digit ratios in a sample of boys with childhood autism.

Hormones and behavior·2026
Same author

Multicenter comparison of LC-MS/MS, radioimmunoassay, and ELISA for assessment of salivary progesterone and estradiol.

Psychoneuroendocrinology·2026
Same author

P-Rex1 limits the agonist-induced internalization of GPCRs independently of its Rac-GEF activity.

Cell reports·2025
Same author

Cognitive and brain health in women with early bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: Implications for risk, resilience, and subjective cognitive decline.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Do combined oral contraceptives have long-term effects? Little evidence of an enduring effect on cognitive function in former users.

Hormones and behavior·2025
Same author

Asymmetric thiol-modified hybrid polyoxometalates: building blocks for hierarchical nanostructured redox materials.

Nanoscale·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects
06:36

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.5K

Estradiol and mental rotation: relation to dimensionality, difficulty, or angular disparity?

Elizabeth Hampson1, Na'ama Levy-Cooperman2, Jennifer M Korman2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

Hormones and Behavior
|January 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Women

Keywords:
CognitiveEstradiolEstrogenMenstrual cycleMental rotationSpatial

More Related Videos

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

4.0K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects
06:36

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.5K
Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

4.0K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Menstrual cycle phase influences cognitive performance, particularly spatial abilities.
  • Previous research linked performance on the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) to estradiol levels, but relied on a single measure.
  • The specific cognitive features driving this association remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if estradiol's effect on spatial rotation performance extends beyond the MRT.
  • To identify specific spatial processing characteristics associated with estradiol levels.
  • To explore the role of figural perception in estradiol-related cognitive differences.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-four women (ages 20-38) were tested at low or high estradiol phases of their menstrual cycle.
  • Participants completed a battery of spatial tests varying in dimensionality, rotation plane, angle, and effort.
  • Estradiol and progesterone levels were quantified using saliva samples.

Main Results:

  • Significantly better accuracy was observed at low estradiol levels on the MRT and a 2D mental rotation task with large rotation angles.
  • A task with small rotation angles using identical stimuli did not show an estradiol effect.
  • Differences in perceptual closure performance were also noted between estradiol phases.

Conclusions:

  • The observed effect of estradiol on spatial rotation is not exclusive to the MRT.
  • Large-angle rotations and aspects of figural perception appear sensitive to estradiol fluctuations.
  • Findings contribute to understanding sex differences in spatial cognition and the influence of hormones on discrete cognitive processes.