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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
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Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

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Overview
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DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Visualizing Single-molecule DNA Replication with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Visualizing Single-molecule DNA Replication with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 9, 2009

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DNA replication at the single-molecule level.

S A Stratmann1, A M van Oijen

  • 1Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Centre for Synthetic Biology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. a.m.van.oijen@rug.nl.

Chemical Society Reviews
|January 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Single-molecule techniques reveal the intricate mechanisms of DNA replication. This approach overcomes limitations of traditional methods, providing detailed kinetic insights into the replisome

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cells function as complex micro-factories with numerous molecular components.
  • Traditional biochemical studies often use purified components, limiting understanding of in vivo cellular context.
  • Understanding reactions at the single-molecule level is crucial for a complete cellular roadmap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in single-molecule studies of DNA replication.
  • To elucidate the mechanistic principles of the replisome.
  • To highlight the importance of in vitro and in vivo single-molecule techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule techniques applied to DNA replication.
  • In vitro reconstitution of molecular processes.

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Direct Observation of Enzymes Replicating DNA Using a Single-molecule DNA Stretching Assay

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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level

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Visualizing Single-molecule DNA Replication with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level
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  • In vivo studies of cellular machinery.

    • Main Results:

    • Single-molecule studies provide detailed kinetic information obscured by ensemble averaging.
    • The replisome, a multi-protein machinery, functions efficiently and tolerates cellular challenges.
    • Mechanistic principles of DNA replication are better understood through single-molecule approaches.

    Conclusions:

    • Single-molecule techniques are essential for understanding complex cellular processes like DNA replication.
    • Studying reactions in their native cellular context offers deeper mechanistic insights.
    • Advances in single-molecule studies have significantly improved our knowledge of DNA replication.