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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

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The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Cell-Free Production of Proteoliposomes for Functional Analysis and Antibody Development Targeting Membrane Proteins

Cell-Free Production of Proteoliposomes for Functional Analysis and Antibody Development Targeting Membrane Proteins

Published on: September 22, 2020

Cell-free membrane protein expression.

Tomomi Kimura-Soyema¹, Mikako Shirouzu, Shigeyuki Yokoyama

¹RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|January 8, 2014

Summary

Cell-free protein synthesis offers a superior method for producing membrane proteins, avoiding cellular toxicity and enabling customized membrane environments for enhanced functional expression.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Cell-based protein synthesis poses challenges for membrane protein production due to potential cellular lethality.
Optimizing the membrane environment is crucial for achieving functional expression of membrane proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe methods for producing membrane proteins using cell-free protein synthesis.
To highlight the advantages of cell-free systems for membrane protein expression.

Main Methods:

Utilizing cell-free protein synthesis systems.
Employing detergents and lipids to assist in membrane protein production.
Adapting membrane composition for specific membrane proteins.

Main Results:

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Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

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Cell-Free Production of Proteoliposomes for Functional Analysis and Antibody Development Targeting Membrane Proteins

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Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

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Demonstrated the feasibility of producing functional membrane proteins via cell-free synthesis.
Showcased the benefits of tailored membrane environments for protein expression.

Conclusions:

Cell-free protein synthesis is a powerful tool for overcoming limitations in membrane protein production.
This approach enhances the likelihood of successful and functional membrane protein expression.