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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
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Perinatal outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

Niranjala M Hewapathirana1, Helen R Murphy

  • 1MRCP, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.

Current Diabetes Reports
|January 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Preconception care is crucial for pregnant women with type 2 diabetes, focusing on glycemic control and folic acid. This improves maternal and infant health, as risks extend beyond birth.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in pregnancy.
  • Importance of preconception care for diabetic mothers.
  • Perinatal risks associated with maternal diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update on perinatal outcomes in type 2 diabetes pregnancies.
  • To review clinical interventions for maternal and infant health.
  • To emphasize the long-term consequences of diabetes in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on type 2 diabetes in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of perinatal outcomes and risk factors.
  • Summary of clinical interventions and recommendations.

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Main Results:

  • Glycemic control is key to preventing congenital anomalies.
  • Maternal obesity and social disadvantage linked to large-for-gestational-age neonates.
  • Risks associated with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy persist post-birth.

Conclusions:

  • Preconception care, including contraception and folic acid, is vital.
  • Optimal glycemic control is the most critical modifiable risk factor.
  • The impact of type 2 diabetes in pregnancy extends beyond childbirth.