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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
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The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the...
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Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback
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Suggestion overrides automatic audiovisual integration.

Catherine Déry1, Natasha K J Campbell1, Michael Lifshitz1

  • 1McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Consciousness and Cognition
|January 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Highly hypnotizable individuals can deautomatize automatic mental processes, like involuntary audiovisual integration, through posthypnotic suggestion. This research explores top-down control over automaticity and multisensory integration.

Keywords:
AttentionDeautomatizationHypnosisMcGurk effectStroop effectSuggestion

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Controlled mental processes can become automatic through learning and practice.
  • It remains unclear if automatic processes can be deautomatized and brought under conscious control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether automatic processes can be deautomatized.
  • To examine the role of hypnotic suggestibility in deautomatizing involuntary audiovisual integration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the McGurk paradigm, a perceptual illusion task.
  • Compared highly suggestible individuals (HSIs) with less suggestible individuals (LSIs).
  • Administered a posthypnotic suggestion to prioritize auditory input.

Main Results:

  • Highly hypnotizable individuals showed fewer illusory auditory perceptions after the suggestion.
  • Less hypnotizable individuals did not exhibit significant changes in perception.
  • HSIs correctly identified more auditory percepts, indicating deautomatization.

Conclusions:

  • A posthypnotic suggestion can deautomatize a deeply ingrained, involuntary audiovisual process in HSIs.
  • Findings advance understanding of automaticity, top-down effects, and multisensory integration.
  • Suggests potential for therapeutic interventions targeting automatic processes.