Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

1.4K
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
1.4K
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

29
Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
29
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

28
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of...
28
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

2.2K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
2.2K
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

27
Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
27
Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

1.2K
Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Performance of Molecular Diagnostics in Strengthening Tuberculosis Detection and Drug Resistance Surveillance: A Comparative Study with Conventional Methods.

International journal of mycobacteriology·2026
Same author

Pyogenic Meningitis with Vasculitis Caused by Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene·2026
Same author

Promoting Microbiology Literacy and Holistic Health: IMiLI and IMiLI-SAC Perspectives on Microbes, Diet, Lifestyle and Society-A 5-Year Journey.

Microbial biotechnology·2026
Same author

First report of Anaerococcus tetradius in bilateral tubo-ovarian abscess following intra-uterine device insertion.

Indian journal of medical microbiology·2026
Same author

Time-dependent metabolic reprogramming in Scenedesmus sp. induced by intermittently sparged CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Genomic characterization of Terrisporobacter glycolicus from a case of monomicrobial gas gangrene.

Indian journal of medical microbiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.8K

Extrapyramidal syndrome.

Akhila Kumar Panda1, Kiran Bala, Lomesh Bhirud

  • 1Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour & Allied Sciences (IHBAS), Delhi, Delhi, India.

BMJ Case Reports
|January 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Organophosphate poisoning can cause unusual neurological issues. A case study shows a teen recovered from parkinsonism and brain lesions after pesticide ingestion, highlighting reversible symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Toxicology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Organophosphate (OP) poisoning is prevalent in developing countries, often leading to mortality from acute cholinergic crisis.
  • Secondary neuronal damage in OP poisoning can manifest as delayed peripheral neuropathy, extrapyramidal syndromes, and neuropsychiatric issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an unusual case of reversible extrapyramidal symptoms and basal ganglia hyperintensities in a young patient following organophosphate ingestion.
  • To discuss the neuroimaging findings and clinical course in the context of known organophosphate toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 14-year-old girl with organophosphate pesticide ingestion.
  • Clinical assessment for neurological symptoms, including extrapyramidal signs.

More Related Videos

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

7.5K
Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Na&#239;ve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.8K
Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

7.5K
Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Na&#239;ve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

13.6K
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain using T2, FLAIR, and diffusion-weighted sequences.

    • Main Results:

    • The patient developed parkinsonism and hand dystonia despite prompt medical care.
    • Brain MRI revealed bilateral, symmetrical basal ganglia hyperintensities.
    • Clinical improvement and resolution of brain lesions were observed during follow-up.

    Conclusions:

    • This case highlights reversible extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroimaging findings in organophosphate poisoning, which is atypical.
    • The absence of neuropathy or neuropsychiatric manifestations in this case adds to its unusual presentation.