[Antimicrobial resistance in tuberculosis]
Juan Bautista Gutiérrez-Aroca1, Pilar Ruiz, Manuel Casal
1Manuel Casal, Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain. mi1carom@uco.es.
Summary
Drug resistance in tuberculosis is a growing concern, with over 21% of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains showing resistance to first-line drugs. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 2% of strains, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Context:
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge.
- Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) is an increasing concern, complicating treatment outcomes.
- Surveillance of drug resistance patterns is crucial for effective TB control strategies.
Purpose:
- To investigate the prevalence of first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in M.tb. strains.
- To analyze resistance patterns to isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
- To assess the extent of multidrug resistance (MDR) in a hospital and reference center setting.
Summary:
- A total of 650 M.tb. cultures were analyzed between 2000 and 2010.
- First-line drug resistance was detected in 142 strains (21.85%).
- The most common resistance was to isoniazid (7.38%), followed by rifampin and streptomycin (3.85%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 2% of strains.
Impact:
- The study highlights a significant level of first-line drug resistance in M.tb. isolates.
- Findings underscore the importance of continuous drug resistance surveillance to inform treatment guidelines.
- The prevalence of MDR TB necessitates robust public health interventions and infection control measures.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA
219
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
219
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
1.0K
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
1.0K
01:30Development of Antibiotic Resistance
2.0K
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
2.0K
01:25Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance
90
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
90
01:31Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
3.0K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.0K
01:28Antimicrobial Effectiveness
2.3K
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
2.3K