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    Acute tobacco abstinence significantly lowers cortisol levels in regular smokers. These cortisol changes during withdrawal are not strongly linked to most withdrawal symptoms, except possibly hunger.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Addiction Science
    • Psychobiology

    Background:

    • Tobacco dependence involves complex physiological and psychological factors.
    • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, regulated by cortisol, is implicated in stress and addiction.
    • Understanding how acute nicotine abstinence affects HPA axis activity is crucial for addiction research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of acute tobacco abstinence on salivary cortisol levels in regular smokers.
    • To determine if changes in cortisol during abstinence correlate with tobacco withdrawal symptoms.

    Main Methods:

    • Seventy-seven regular smokers (≥15 cigarettes/day) participated in two counterbalanced sessions: one after 12-20 hours of abstinence and one after ad lib smoking.
    • Salivary cortisol was measured at three time points during each session.
    • A comprehensive assessment battery, including self-report questionnaires and cognitive tasks, evaluated tobacco withdrawal signs and symptoms.

    Main Results:

    • Salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower during the abstinence session compared to the non-abstinence session.
    • No significant associations were found between abstinence-induced cortisol changes and most tobacco withdrawal measures.
    • A modest, inverse association was suggested between changes in cortisol and reported hunger during abstinence.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute tobacco abstinence leads to decreased cortisol levels in smokers.
    • This cortisol dampening may indicate nicotine's modulation of HPA axis activity, potentially contributing to tobacco dependence.
    • Cortisol level changes during acute withdrawal do not appear to be a primary cause or consequence of most withdrawal symptoms, with hunger being a possible exception.