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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

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In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
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Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management01:25

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The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this...
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Single-channel Analysis and Calcium Imaging in the Podocytes of the Freshly Isolated Glomeruli
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Single-channel Analysis and Calcium Imaging in the Podocytes of the Freshly Isolated Glomeruli

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Should dialysate calcium be individualized?

Piergiorgio Messa1, Richard A Sherman

  • 1Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Seminars in Dialysis
|January 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Personalizing dialysate calcium (d-Ca) concentration in dialysis requires clarifying goals and methods. Real-time monitoring and adjustment may be needed, but cost-effectiveness remains unclear.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Growing interest in personalized dialysate calcium (d-Ca) concentration for hemodialysis patients.
  • Current approaches lack clarity on specific aims and effective methods for individualization.

Discussion:

  • Different d-Ca concentrations impact calcium balance and serum calcium levels variably.
  • Complex calcium kinetics during dialysis treatment pose challenges for precise control.
  • Real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of d-Ca may be necessary for effective individualization.

Key Insights:

  • Clarifying the therapeutic goals of personalized d-Ca is crucial.
  • Developing advanced systems for real-time calcium monitoring and d-Ca adjustment is a potential solution.
  • The clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of individualized d-Ca require further investigation.

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Last Updated: May 4, 2026

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Cytosolic Calcium Measurements in Renal Epithelial Cells by Flow Cytometry
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Cytosolic Calcium Measurements in Renal Epithelial Cells by Flow Cytometry

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Outlook:

  • Future research should focus on cost-effectiveness studies.
  • Technological advancements in monitoring and control systems are needed.
  • Establishing clear guidelines for personalized d-Ca management in dialysis is essential.