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Updated: May 4, 2026

Evaluating Flight Performance and Eye Movement Patterns Using Virtual Reality Flight Simulator
Published on: May 19, 2023
Skandan Shanmugan1, Fabien Leblanc, Anthony J Senagore
11Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 2Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France 3Division of Colorectal Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 4Division of Colorectal Surgery, Veterans Administration Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System, Biloxi, Mississippi.
Virtual reality simulators for laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy show construct validity for procedural metrics, distinguishing surgeon skill levels. However, intraoperative error metrics did not differentiate expertise, suggesting a focus on procedural aspects for assessment.
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