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Updated: May 4, 2026

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
Published on: March 15, 2016
Vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms affect gene expression and tumor aggressiveness in patients with
Doonyapat Sa-Nguanraksa1, Suwattanee Kooptiwut2, Tuenjai Chuangsuwanich3
1Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Abstract:
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key modulators of angiogenesis. The highly polymorphic promoter and 5' untranslated region of VEGF have been associated with susceptibility to and aggressiveness of several types of cancer. To examine the functional role of VEGF polymorphisms at -634 and -1498 positions, VEGF mRNA and protein in breast cancer tissues were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. A dual-luciferase assay was performed to determine promoter activity. The VEGF-634CC genotype demonstrated the highest VEGF mRNA expression. High VEGF mRNA expression was correlated with a tumor size of >2 cm, the presence of lymphovascular invasion and the presence of axillary nodal metastasis. The promoter containing the -1,498T/-634C haplotype exhibited the highest basal promoter activity. These findings suggest that the interaction between -1,498T and -634C polymorphisms increases VEGF expression and is involved in breast cancer aggressiveness.
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